NANOPARTICLES IN NIGERIA: A MINI REVIEW

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a rapidly advancing field of science and technology due to the unique properties exhibited by materials at the nanoscale. Nanoparticles, typically ranging between 1 and 100 nanometers in size, possess distinctive physical, chemical, optical, and mechanical properties that differ significantly from those of their bulk counterparts. These properties have stimulated extensive global research and have led to the development of innovative applications across various sectors including medicine, agriculture, environmental remediation, and industrial manufacturing. In recent years, interest in nanotechnology research has also increased in Nigeria as researchers and institutions explore its potential to address pressing societal and environmental challenges. This review examines the fundamental concepts of nanoparticles, including their classification, physicochemical properties, and common synthesis methods such as top-down, bottom-up, and green synthesis approaches. The paper further reviews the current state of nanoparticle research and applications within the Nigerian context, highlighting contributions from universities, research institutes, and emerging scientific initiatives. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of nanoparticles in healthcare, agriculture, environmental management, and industrial development. Despite the growing interest in this field, several challenges continue to hinder the advancement of nanotechnology in Nigeria, including limited infrastructure, inadequate funding, insufficient technical expertise, and low public awareness. Nevertheless, ongoing research efforts and the availability of natural resources suitable for green synthesis present promising opportunities for the expansion of nanotechnology research and innovation in Nigeria.